Abstract: As the global economy enters the stage of innovation-driven development, knowledge economy and scientific and technological innovation have become the core driving force for cities to participate in global competition. How to create a high-quality innovation space and enhance the vitality of urban innovation and development is a research topic that city managers and scholars at home and abroad continue to pay attention to. This study takes Harbin city as an example, from the perspective of urban micro-scale and the spatial pattern of multiple types of innovation activities, characterizes the spatial and temporal evolution of innovation space with the data of 46,057 patent applications in Harbin city released by the official website of the China Patent Office from 2004-2022, and applies the spatial analysis methods, such as KDE, ESDA, and global MoranI, to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of innovation activity space in Harbin from 2004 to 2022, and analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of innovation activity space in Harbin from 2004 to 2022. The results show that： (1) the spatial distribution of innovation in Harbin presents a spatial structure of “one core and four clusters”, in which the area of Dazhi Street in Nangang District, where Harbin Institute of Technology and Harbin University of Engineering are located, has become the core area of high innovation density; The “four clusters” mainly include Hulan District Limin Pharmaceutical Core Park, Songbei Digital Economy Industrial Park, Yingbin Road Concentration Zone, Harbin Economic and Technological Development Zone and other industrial park carriers, which are relatively low-density distribution characteristics; (2) key universities and high-tech enterprises have become the main body of innovation activities. The spatial distribution of innovation main body from the old city where the key universities are concentrated, gradually to the peripheral areas of the city's industrial zones, Songbei new city and other new innovation space diffusion; (3) innovation space gradually presented by a single-center agglomeration to the multi-center cluster mode evolution, Harbin Economic and Technological Development Zone and other industrial parks clusters are forming a new innovation growth pole, presenting the growth of the expansion of the center to the surrounding situation. Using the DBSCAN cluster analysis technique, the spatial location and evolutionary trend of innovation output in Harbin are visualized in three time periods, and the innovation agglomerations in Harbin in different periods are identified. Through the global MoranI index analysis, it is found that the spatial agglomeration of innovation activities mainly presents two main types, the area with dense high - high agglomeration patches is the area with significant spatial agglomeration of innovation activities, and the location where low - high anomalous patches are located is the potential direction of the growth of the agglomeration of innovation activities. The study proposes solution strategies such as establishing a complete innovation space system, building knowledge spillover channels in the core area, guiding industrial transformation, and optimizing innovation space services in the stock. The study provides suggestions for the optimal allocation of innovation factor resources and the subsequent development of innovation space in Harbin City, and at the same time, provides lessons and references for enhancing the vitality of innovation development and urban competitiveness in large urban areas. Keywords: innovation space, distribution characteristics, spatio-temporal pattern evolution, patent analysis, development trend