The rapid pace of urbanization has significantly intensified the urban heat island effect, drawing growing attention to the cooling functions of urban parks and green spaces. This paper presents a systematic review of recent advances in the quantitative assessment of the comprehensive cooling effects of urban parks and green spaces in both domestic and international contexts. Five commonly used quantitative indicators are identified, along with two principal methodological approaches, and three key influencing factors are analyzed in depth. The review reveals two major research gaps: First, current methods for quantifying comprehensive cooling effects remain insufficient. Most studies rely on single indicators, which fail to capture the multifaceted mechanisms of green space cooling. Second, the quantitative relationships between influencing factors and integrated metrics remain unclear, particularly regarding how ecological benefits relate to vegetation scale, species diversity, and spatial configuration. By tracing the evolution of relevant research, this study deepens the understanding of the cooling functions of urban parks and green spaces, offering a theoretical foundation for optimizing urban green space planning and management. Future research is encouraged to develop multi-scale, multi-indicator assessment frameworks that enhance urban microclimate regulation, support sustainable urban development, and provide scientific grounding for climate change adaptation.